Hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim duab kos duab, kev siv cov dyes thiab pigments ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov xim. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov khoom physicochemical, cov qauv sib txawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li thaum siv lawv. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua tiav cov xim zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom lag luam txuas ntxiv mus.
Daim ntawv thov zas xim tseem ceeb rau matrix compatibility thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuam. Rau fiber ntau matrices, lawv hydrophilicity los yog hydrophobicity yuav tsum tau txiav txim ua ntej, thiab dej -soluble los yog disperse dyes yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li. Ua ntej- kev kho mob xws li ua ntej- ntxuav thiab mordating yuav tsum tau siv los ua kom zoo dua qhov adsorption. Thaum lub sij hawm dyeing txheej txheem, kub, lub sij hawm, thiab pH gradients yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis tswj. Piv txwv li, reactive dyes yuav tsum muaj alkaline ib puag ncig los ua kom tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fixation, thaum acidic dyes xav tau ib tug acidic nruab nrab los tuav ionic bond stability. Kev tswj kom muaj zog kuj tseem ceeb heev; siab heev ib tug concentration tuaj yeem ua rau cov xim ntab, thaum lub concentration tsawg dhau ua rau cov xim tsis txaus. Kev ua pov thawj qhov pom tau zoo feem ntau yuav tsum tau kuaj cov qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab- zas xim ntxuav thiab kho tus neeg saib xyuas kev kho mob tuaj yeem txo cov hydrolysis residue thiab txhim kho xim ceev thiab kev sib raug zoo ib puag ncig.
Daim ntawv thov Pigment qhia txog kev sib txawv tsis sib xws thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lub ntsej muag. Vim tias cov xim tsis muaj kuab lom, sib tsoo lossis siab - nrawm shearing yog tsim nyog los ua kom zoo dua cov khoom kom haum rau qhov loj me (feem ntau submicron), thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum raug xaiv los tiv thaiv agglomeration. Nyob rau hauv txheej txheej los yog number case formulation, hom resin yuav tsum tau kho raws li lub substrate nto zog los xyuas kom meej ruaj adhesion ntawm pigment hais es tsis yog tsiv teb tsaws thiab nag lossis daus. Rau kev siv sab nraum zoov, inorganic los yog siab -kev ua tau zoo organic pigments nrog zoo heev lightfastness thiab huab cua kuj yuav tsum tau ua ntej, thiab kev sib tov yuav tsum tau siv los sib npaug vibrancy thiab durability. ambient kub thiab av noo thaum lub sij hawm thov kuj muaj feem xyuam rau cov zaj duab xis tsim; parameter ranges yuav tsum tau teem raws li cov formulation.
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj xim los yog xim xim, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua raws li ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau hais txog, nrog rau kev xaiv tsim nyog ntawm qis - toxicity additives thiab cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab zoo. Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm, thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios tuaj yeem txhim kho cov xim zoo nkauj thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo, muab kev txhawb nqa txhim khu kev qha rau siab - kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo.