Dyes thiab pigments, ua ob yam khoom tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv xim, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb hauv lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov yam ntxwv no txiav txim siab lawv qhov kev siv tau thiab qhov zoo hauv ntau yam kev lag luam thiab kev kos duab. Kev nkag siab tob txog lawv cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm pab ua kom tiav qhov sib txuam thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem tsim.
Dyes feem ntau yog soluble organic tebchaw. Lawv cov qauv molecular muaj chromophores xws li conjugated ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab, xaiv absorbing tshwj xeeb wavelengths ntawm pom lub teeb los tsim xim. Ib qho ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv yog tias cov molecules tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus ruaj khov nrog cov dyed matrix los ntawm covalent bonds, ionic bonds, lossis intermolecular rog, ua rau cov xim tsis sib xws, nkag mus zoo, thiab siab pob tshab thiab nthuav dav. Dyes muaj qhov dav chromatographic kev pab cuam, xws li los ntawm lub teeb mus rau qhov tsaus ntuj, thiab lawv cov xim nrawm tuaj yeem tswj tau yooj yim los ntawm kev hloov pauv molecular. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov solubility kuj ua rau cov dej tsis muaj zog, lub teeb ci, thiab kev puas tsuaj, xav tau kev txhawb zog los ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheem lossis cov koom haum pab.
Pigments yog insoluble khoom particles uas ua raws li matrix nto tom qab tau uniformly dispersed nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab, displaying xim los ntawm lub teeb scattering thiab xaiv absorption. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li kev zais lub zog zoo thiab huab cua tsis kam; cov khoom tsis yooj yim tsiv teb tsaws; thiab lawv tuav cov xim ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw hnyav xws li qhov kub thiab txias, lub teeb muaj zog, thiab av noo. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem, yas, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog. Inorganic pigments yog tshuaj inert thiab muaj thermal stability; organic pigments muaj cov xim ci thiab pob tshab, tab sis feem ntau xav tau kev kho saum npoo los txhim kho dispersibility thiab tiv thaiv - cov khoom laus. Pigment particle loj thiab tis ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov xim siv thiab gloss; Kev tswj cov particle loj yog ib qho ntawm lawv cov kev qhia tseem ceeb.
Los ntawm kev pom kev ua tau zoo, dyes ua tau zoo hauv kev nkag mus thiab xim pob tshab, haum rau cov xim zoo nkauj ntawm wettable matrices xws li fibers thiab ntawv; pigments zoo heev nyob rau hauv durability thiab nkaum hwj chim, haum rau ruaj khov kho kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv loj - cheeb tsam los yog sab nraum zoov ib puag ncig. Lawv cov yam ntxwv ntxiv ua rau lawv ib qho tseem ceeb dual -khiav kab ke hauv kev lag luam xim niaj hnub, ua lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv ntau yam thiab cov xim sib xyaw.