Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm dyes thiab pigments ncaj qha txiav txim siab txog chromatographic ntau yam, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom.Txawm hais tias lawv txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, ob qho tib si yuav tsum tau tsim cov qauv molecular thiab cov txheej txheem tswj thaum lub sij hawm sib txuas kom ua tiav cov xim uas xav tau thiab physicochemical zog.
Dye synthesis feem ntau yog ua raws cov organic chemistry, tsom mus rau kev tsim cov xim - txhim kho qhov system. Txoj hauv kev muaj xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv azo, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation, thiab electrochemical txo. Azo dyes, los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm diazonium ntsev ntawm aromatic amines nrog phenols los yog aromatic amines los tsim conjugated ob daim ntawv cog lus systems, muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug nplua nuj xim gamut los ntawm daj mus rau liab thiab txawm tsaus xim av. Anthraquinone dyes, siv anthraquinone ua lub hauv paus, kho xim thiab nrawm los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm pawg xws li amino thiab hydroxyl pawg. Kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub, pH, thiab lub sij hawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim nyog thaum lub sij hawm synthesis kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam sab uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov xim hloov los yog txo cov qoob loo. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau txhim kho ib puag ncig kev sib raug zoo, qis -kub catalytic coupling thiab hlau- cov txheej txheem synthesis pub dawb tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no, txo cov emission ntawm cov teeb meem nruab nrab.
Lub synthesis ntawm pigments yog muab faib ua ob loj systems: inorganic thiab organic. Inorganic pigments feem ntau yog tsim los siv siab -kub khoom- lub xeev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog hydrothermal txoj kev, qhov twg hlau ntsev los yog oxides yog calcined thiab lawv siv lead ua daim ntawv tswj. Piv txwv li, titanium dioxide yog tau los ntawm kev siv cov sulfuric acid los yog chlorination txheej txheem kom tau siab -refractive-index crystals, thaum hlau oxide pigments raug tsim rau hauv cov crystalline ruaj khov theem los ntawm nag lossis daus thiab calcination. Cov txheej txheem no hais txog qhov purity ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev kho cua sov kev tswj hwm kom ntseeg tau tias cov particle morphology thiab chemical inertness. Txoj kev sib txuas ntawm cov organic pigments zoo ib yam li cov xim dyes, feem ntau siv cov tshuaj tsw qab hydrocarbon derivatives xws li benzene, naphthalene, thiab anthracene ua cov khoom pib. Cov tshuab loj sib txuas yog tsim los ntawm cov kauj ruam xws li halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, thiab condensation, ua raws li kev kho mob pigmentation (xws li ntsev milling thiab kev hloov kho saum npoo) los txhim kho dispersibility thiab huab cua tsis kam. Cov txheej txheem pigmentation yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, suav nrog kev tswj qhov loj me, txheej txheej, thiab siv lead ua daim ntawv qhia, ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg xim lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Txawm nws yog dyes los yog pigments, cov txheej txheem synthesis yuav tsum integrate chemical engineering thiab cov ntaub ntawv science tswv yim, kom ntseeg tau tias ob qho tib si qauv thiab kev ua tau zoo thaum txiav txim siab qhov ua tau ntawm ntsuab thiab loj - teev ntau lawm. Kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws kev sib txuas tsis tu ncua tsis yog tsuas yog nthuav dav thaj tsam ntawm chromatography thiab kev siv tab sis kuj muab kev txhawb nqa kom ua tiav cov xim zoo nkauj thiab ib puag ncig.