Tsis quav ntsej txog kev ceev faj txog kev yuav khoom, kev cia khoom, kev npaj, thiab kev siv cov dyes thiab pigments tuaj yeem ua rau cov xim tsis zoo, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom tiav, thiab txawm tias muaj kev nyab xeeb. Vim lawv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov ntaub ntawv lub cev, cov neeg siv yuav tsum tsim thiab siv cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm nruj raws li cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua qhov xim thiab xim kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem tswj thiab cov txiaj ntsig ruaj khov.
Dyes yog feem ntau soluble organic tebchaw, yooj yim decomposed los yog deteriorated los ntawm ib puag ncig yam. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav, thiab tsaus, tsis txhob sib cuag nrog cov oxidants muaj zog, muaj zog acids, thiab muaj zog alkalis los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem hloov xim lossis ua rau poob ntawm cov khoom xyaw. Ua ntej siv, purity ntawm cov kuab tshuaj los yog dej yuav tsum tau lees paub. Calcium thiab magnesium ions hauv cov dej tawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev khi ntawm dyes rau matrix; dej softening los yog siv cov chelating agents yuav tsim nyog. Thaum lub sij hawm npaj, cov txheej txheem kub thiab lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis ua raws li. Kev kub siab heev tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau dye hydrolysis, ua rau txo cov xim ceev; lub stirring ceev thiab lub sij hawm yuav tsum xyuas kom meej uniform dissolution los tiv thaiv localized high concentrations thiab xim txawv. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho yuav tsum tau ceev faj tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog siab - cov tshuaj pleev xim rau cov tshuaj los yog nqus cov plua plav. Tom qab ua haujlwm, lawv yuav tsum ntxuav lawv tus kheej kom sai thiab pov tseg cov kua khib nyiab kom ua raws li cov cai ntawm ib puag ncig.
Vim tias pigments yog insoluble, tus yuam sij rau lawv siv yog ua kom txaus dispersion thiab tiv thaiv kev sib sau. Ua ntej qhib lub thawv, xyuas nws txoj kev ncaj ncees los tiv thaiv kev nqus noo noo, clumping, los yog txawv teb chaws muaj kab mob. Thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo los yog dispersion, siv dispersion media thiab additives sib xws nrog lub kaw lus kom ntseeg tau tias cov xim pigment yog finely hauv av rau qhov yuav tsum tau particle loj; txwv tsis pub, zais lub zog thiab xim xim yuav raug cuam tshuam. Cov teeb meem sib raug zoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm cov xim sib txawv; me me - ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej sib tov kom tsis txhob flocculation lossis sedimentation. Qhov chaw tsim kho yuav tsum tswj kom haum qhov kub thiab av noo; Cov xwm txheej hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov txheej txheem lossis cov khoom, yog li cuam tshuam rau huab cua tsis kam thiab lightfastness. Pigment plua plav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nqus pa; kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo - qhov cua, nrog rau kev siv lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab lwm yam khoom siv tiv thaiv. Cov khib nyiab slurries thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav tu yuav tsum muab pov tseg hauv nruab nrab raws li kev tswj xyuas cov khoom pov tseg.
Feem ntau, kev siv cov dyes thiab pigments yuav tsum muaj kev xav txog lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv lub cev, thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab ua raws li cov kev cai nruj me ntsis hauv txhua yam ntawm kev khaws cia, kev npaj, kev siv, thiab kev pov tseg pov tseg. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem ua rau lawv cov xim zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab tuaj yeem txhawb kev nyab xeeb, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, thiab kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.